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Are
children aware of what is going on?
Yes. Although they will not have an adult understanding of what
is happening, they will recognize and be affected by domestic
violence. A child's response to the violence will vary depending
on his or her age. Even very young children will experience
anxiety over conflicts at home.
What are the emotional consequences for children who witness
violence in their homes?
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Constant anxiety that can result in physical complaints caused
by stress (i.e. headaches, ulcers, rashes), speech problems
or hearing problems.
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Developmental delays and learning disorders
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Guilt for not being able to stop the abuse or for loving the abuser
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Taking responsibility for the abuse and feeling helpless to change
the situation
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Low self-esteem, fearfulness, depression and sometimes suicide
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Delinquent behaviors including aggression, substance abuse and running away from home
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Poorly developed social skills
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Are children who witness domestic violence at risk for other problems?
- Children may sustain physical injuries or die as a result
of either intentional harm to the child (i.e., when a child
is protecting the parent) or accidental injury.
- Older
children may be at risk for committing criminal acts, including
murder, to end the violence.
- Children
may also be victims of physical abuse or neglect by either
parent/partner.
- More
than 50% of both male abusers and abused women who are mothers
abuse their children.
- Boys
who witness domestic violence are more likely to batter their
female partners as adults than boys raised in non-violent
homes.
- There
is no evidence, however, that girls who witness their mothers'
abuse have a higher risk of being battered as adults.
Suggested Readings
C. Cappell & R.B. Heiner, The Intergenerational Transmission
of Family Aggression, 5 Journal of Family Violence 135 (1990).
Bonnie E. Carlson, Adolescent Observers of Marital Violence,
5 Journal of Family Violence 285 (1990).
K. Henning et. al., Long-term Psychological and Social Impact
of Witnessing Physical Conflict Between Parents, 11 Journal
of interpersonal Violence 35 (1996).
Barrie Levy ed., In Love & Danger A Teens Guide to Breaking
Free of Abusive Realtionships (Seal Press) (1993).
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